| Abstract Data Type |
a mechanism provided by Extensible Markup Language
schemas to
force substitution for a particular element type. When
an
element or type is declared to be ‘abstract’ it cannot
be used
in an instance document. A member of that element’s
substitution
group must appear in the instance document. |
| Accredited Standards Committee X12 |
The group authorized by the American National Standards
Institute to develop and maintain the EDI Standards used
primarily in the United States. (See also: ANSI; ANSI
ASC-X12;
American National Standards Institute). |
| Acknowledgement |
In the global data synchronization process, this is an
Extensible Markup Language response to a command
returned to the
originator. Every command needs a response.
Acknowledgement
messages are standardized and may contain the following
information: confirmation of message receipt,
success/failure of
processing for syntax and content, or reason code for
each type
of failure. |
| ACH |
Automated Clearing House. |
| Active Tag |
A class of RFID tag that contains a power source, such
as a
battery, to power the microchip’s circuitry. Active tags
transmit a signal to a reader and can be read from 100
feet or
more. |
| Advance Ship Notice (ASN) |
An electronic version of a printed packing slip that
tells a
buyer that goods have been shipped, how they have been
packed
items and the estimated arrival time. Also referred to
as a
Delivery Notice or Dispatch Advice. |
| AES |
Advanced Encryption Standard. One of a number of
standards for
securing data during transmission by encrypting it. |
| American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) |
The national standards body for the United States. ANSI,
through
its accredited standards committees, keeps the standards
for all
applications of technology and mechanics for U.S.
Industry.
Business documents in the U.S are often referred to by
their
ANSI code such as 850 (PO), 810 (Invoice) and 856 (ASN).
|
| ANA |
Article Number Association, an association of businesses
set up
to facilitate standardization across the supply chain.
|
| ANSI ASC X12 |
American National Standards Institute, Accredited
Standards
Committee X12, which comprises government and industry
members
who create EDI standards for submission to ANSI for
approval and
dissemination. |
| ANX |
The IP-based network for the US automotive industry.
|
| AANX |
The IP-based network for the Australian automotive
industry.
|
| Application Acknowledgment |
A transaction set whose purpose is to return a response
to a
transaction set that has been received and processed in
an
application program. For example, the Purchase Order
Acknowledgment transaction is used to respond to the
Purchase
Order transaction with content such as whether the
receiver can
fulfill the order and if it can be done on time. |
| Application Advice |
A transaction set that accepts, rejects or identifies
errors in
the content of any transaction set beyond normal syntax
checks.
|
| Application Interface Software |
Software that imports and exports data between in-house
applications and the translation software. |
| AS1 |
Applicability Statement (AS) 1. A protocol developed by
the IETF
to implement secure and reliable messaging over SMTP.
|
| AS2 |
Applicability Statement (AS) 2. A newer protocol
developed by
the IETF to implement secure and reliable messaging over
HTTP.
Allows data to be sent over the Internet using the HTTP
protocol. |
| AS3 |
Applicability Statement (AS) 3. The most recent protocol
developed by the IETF to implement secure and reliable
messaging
over FTP. |
| AS4 |
Applicability Statement (AS) 4. Offers secure B2B
document
exchange using web services. AS4 was developed by the
sub-committee of the OASIS ebXML. |
| ASN |
See Advance Ship Notice. |
| Asynchronous |
A communication technique by which each character is
sent
bit-serially and is surrounded by start and stop bits
used to
indicate character borders. |
| Attribute |
A term used to describe a characteristic of an item. An
attribute would hold a value to describe a
characteristic such
as pack height, length or width. |
| Audit trail |
A computerized or manual record of transactions. |
| Authentication |
A mechanism that allows the receiver of an electronic
transmission to verify the sender and the integrity of
the
content of the transmission through the use of an
electronic
“key” or algorithm shared by the business partners. The
algorithm is sometimes referred to as an electronic or
digital
signature. |
| BAI |
A Financial Services Group responsible for defining the
Cash
Management Balance Reporting Specifications. BAI1 and
subsequently BAI2 were defined as the basis for
agreement
between a bank and its corporate customer on how data
from the
bank’s account processing software would be communicated
to the
customer’s account processing software. |
| Bar Code |
An array of’ rectangular marks and spaces in a
predetermined
pattern. Usually used for automatic product or shipment
identification. |
| Batch Control Totals |
Ensures that batch processing has been performed
correctly by
comparing output to currency or quantity totals, record
or
document counts, or hash totals. |
| Batch Processing |
The processing of computer information after it has
accumulated
in one group or batch. |
| Baud |
The rate at which the signal changes when data is
transmitted.
It is often the same as the number of bits per second.
|
| Bill of Lading |
A document that is used by a vendor and a freight
carrier that
describes the freight classification of the goods being
shipped
by the vendor. |
| Binary |
A system of numerical notation in which only the values
of 0 and
1 are used. |
| Bisynchronous |
A communication protocol whereby messages are sent as
blocks of
characters. The blocks of data are checked for
completeness and
accuracy by the receiving computer. |
| Business Document |
A set of information components that are interchanged as
part of
a business activity. |
| Business Partner |
The entity with which EDI business documents are
exchanged. This
may be either the sender or the receiver of information
in EDI.
|
| Business Partner Agreement |
In RosettaNet, Business Partner Agreements contain the
general
contract terms and conditions, participant roles
(buyers,
sellers), communication and security protocols, and
business
processes (valid actions, sequencing rules, etc.).
Extensible
Markup Language-based Business Partner Agreement
documents
capture the essential information upon which business
partners
must agree in order for their applications and business
processes to communicate. |
| Business Process |
A set of related activities that, when correctly
performed, will
satisfy an explicit business goal. |
| Business Process Modelling |
Also called ‘as is’ modelling, a component of the
RosettaNet
concept development used to identify the elements of a
business
process and create a clearly defined model of business
partner
interfaces as they exist today. |
| Business to Business (B2B) |
The practice of buying and selling between companies
through the
use of electronic transactions. |
| Business to Business (B2B) Integration
|
The secured coordination of business information among
companies
and their information. |
| CEDI |
The Common EDI Forum, which has developed a set of
message
implementation guidelines for the UK’s grocery industry.
|
| CEFACT |
Also known as UN/CEFACT. The United Nations Center for
Trade
Facilitation and Electronic Business. |
| CONTRL |
A message which is the EDIFACT equivalent of the
Functional
Acknowledgement (FA). |
| CPFR |
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment.
An
industry initiative focused on improving the partnership
between
manufacturers and distributors/retailers through shared
information. |
| Classifier |
A term used to describe how items such as products are
grouped.
|
| Clearing House |
A third party used for centralizing the sending and
receiving of
electronic messages or documents between business
partners.
Messages/documents are held by the third party until the
receiver is available to receive them. |
| Communications |
The means of electronically linking two computers to
exchange
information. |
| Communication Software |
Programs that allow computers to communicate through
modems.
Some are capable of automatic communications, such as
auto-dial
and auto-answer. |
| Compliance Checking |
Checking process used to ensure that a transmission
complies
with ANSI X12 syntax rules (US). |
| Conditional (C) |
A data element requirement designator that indicates
that the
presence of a specified data element is dependent on the
value
or presence of other data elements in the segment. The
condition
must be stated and must be able to be
computer-processed. |
| Confirmation |
A notification that the transmission has been received
by the
intended receiver. [See also Functional Acknowledgment].
|
| Consumer Packaged Goods |
Consumer packaged goods are consumable goods such as
food,
beverages, footwear, and apparel, tobacco, and cleaning
products. |
| Continuous Replenishment Program |
The concept of continuous supply of goods between
supplier and
business partner based on automated exchange of current
demand,
inventory, and stock management information, within the
framework of an agreed supply policy. The aim of
continuous
replenishment is to achieve a responsive and precise
flow of
product to the store with minimum stock holding and
handling.
|
| Control Envelope |
Used to validate the receipt of correct and complete
data. |
| Control Number |
Also known as reference number. An identification number
used to
distinguish a standard data element (data element
identifier) or
a standard segment (segment identifier). |
| Control Segment |
A control segment that has the same structure as a data
segment
but is used for transferring control information for
grouping
data segments. |
| Control Structure |
The beginning and end (header and trailer) segments for
entities
in EDI. |
| Control Validation |
Confirmation that information within the control
segments is
correct. |
| Data Element |
One or more data items, forming a unit or piece of
information
as defined in the data dictionary of a system of EDI
Standards,
and contained in an EDI message or transaction set. The
term
“data element” is often abbreviated as “DE” followed
immediately
by the data element number (i.e., data element 128 would
be
abbreviated as DE128) in some texts. |
| Data Element, Composite |
Two or more related data items separated by a delimiter
character, grouped together to form a unit or piece of
information as defined in the data dictionary of a
system of EDI
Standards, and contained in an EDI message or
transaction set.
|
| Data Segment |
Intermediate unit of information in a message. A segment
consists of a pre-defined set of functionally related
data
elements which are identified by sequential position
within the
set. |
| Data Segment Directory |
Publication that shows the format of all segments in the
standard. |
| Data Synchronization |
Data synchronization is the electronic transfer of
standardized
product and location information between business
partners and
the continuous synchronization of that data over time.
|
| Data pool |
a GDSN-compliant mechanism for business partners to
share and
synchronize data. As well as storing product data, a
data pool
provides the necessary functions and workflow to
communicate
with the GLOBALRegistry and with other data pools. |
| Decryption |
The translation of scrambled or secretly coded data at
the
receiving end of an encrypted transmission (See also
Encryption). |
| Dedicated Line |
A point-to-point line in a data communication system
between two
computer devices that is always connected. |
| Default Settings |
Instructions to a computer, automatically establishing
standard
configurations at the time of log on. They eliminate the
need to
reconfigure at each sitting. |
| DELFOR |
Delivery Forecast message. |
| Delivery Notice |
European term for an ASN. |
| Delimiters |
Integral part of the transferred data stream, they
consist of
two levels of separators and a terminator. Delimiters
are
specified in the interchange header. From highest to
lowest
level, the separators and terminator are:- segment
terminator,
data element separator, and component element separator
(used
only in EDIFACT). |
| Delivery Trailer Manifest |
A list of shipments contained on a less-than-truckload
trailer
ready for delivery. The list includes information
relevant to
the delivery of the shipments loaded in the trailer,
such as pro
number, equipment identification and date available.
|
| DELJIT |
Delivery Just in Time message. |
| DES |
Data Encryption Standard. One of a number of standards
for
securing data during transmission by encrypting it. |
| DESADV |
Dispatch Advice Message. |
| Digital Certificate |
A computer-based record or electronic message issued by
an
entity that (1) identifies the entity issuing it; (2)
names or
identifies a certificate holder; (3) contains the public
key of
the certificate holder; (4) identifies the certificate’s
validity period and (5) is digitally signed by the
entity
issuing it. |
| Digital Signature |
An electronic signature that can be used to authenticate
the
identity of the sender of a message and via the
encrypted
document digest, to ensure that the original content of
the data
that has been sent is unchanged. |
| Direct Connect EDI |
A form of EDI which does rely on an intermediary, see
point-to-point. |
| DISA |
Data Interchange Standards Association. The trade
organization
that acts as secretariat for ANSI ASC X12 and the
Pan-American
EDIFACT Board in the United States. |
| Download |
The process of receiving data from another computer at a
remote
site onto the computer under the control of the
operator. |
| DSD |
Direct Store Delivery. The practice of delivering
product
directly to store and notifying the store of the
delivery
electronically rather than by paper. |
| DSS |
Decision Support System. Software designed to assist in
decision-making by providing analytical programs and
data
available on mainframes by linking computers to
mainframes. |
| DSTU |
Draft Standard for Trial Use. A standard approved by the
ANSI
ASC X12 committee prior to full approval by ANSI. |
| DUNS number |
Dun & Bradstreet identification number often used in EDI
transmissions. |
| EAI |
Enterprise Application Integration. A term used to
describe
software tools that support integrating applications
across a
company or enterprise. |
| EAN |
International Article Numbering Association. |
| EANCOM |
A subset of EDIFACT messages, developed by GS1, to allow
business partners to exchange commercial documents in a
simple,
accurate and cost effective manner. |
| ebMS, ebXML Messaging Services |
The secure, reliable method of transmitting electronic
data
defined as part of the ebXML specifications. It can use
a
variety of low level transmission protocols including
HTTP and
SMTP. |
| ebXML |
A standard for an e-business framework that enables
enterprises
of any size, in any location to meet and conduct
business
electronically. Developed under the auspices of OASIS
and
UN/CEFACT |
| EDI |
See Electronic Data Interchange. |
| EDItEUR |
The trade standards body for the global book and serials
supply
chains. |
| EDItX |
Transaction document formats in XML that mirror and
extend the
functionality of existing X12, TRADACOMS and EDIFACT
messages
for the book trade and library sectors. |
| EDI Translation |
The conversion of application data to and from a
standard
format. |
| EDI Translator |
Computer software used to perform the conversion of
application
data to and from a standard. Usually licensed rather
than
developed in-house. May have subsystems for mapping,
auditing,
and document management. |
| EDIFACT |
Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce
and
Transport. The international EDI Standard as developed
through
the United Nations. |
| EDIFICE |
B2B industry group in high tech and electronics
industries in
Europe. Also EDIFACT EDI standard subset for those
industries.
|
| EDI over the Internet |
A protocol for exchange of information in a
decentralized,
distributed environment designed by the Internet
Engineering
Task Force. Originally developed to transmit Electronic
Data
Interchange via email over the Internet. Applicability
Statement
1, the first version, used Simple Mail Transport
Protocol as the
transport protocol, bouncing direction to get to the end
connection. Applicability Statement 2, the current
version, uses
Hypertext Transport Protocol to build a tunnel to the
recipient
address, establishes the connection, and then sends the
information in a secured environment assuring the sender
of
receipt. |
| EFT (Electronic funds transfer) |
Electronic payment in which funds are transferred
between bank
accounts at different financial institutions. |
| EIAJ |
Japanese EDI standard. |
| Electronic Commerce |
Conducting business between computers through the use of
digital
exchange. |
| Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) |
The computer-to-computer transfer of business
transaction
information using standard, industry-accepted message
formats.
|
| Electronic Mail |
The process of sending, receiving, storing, and/or
forwarding
messages in digital form via telecommunication. |
| Element |
The smallest item of information in the standard. |
| Element Delimiter |
Single character delimiter; follows the segment
identifier and
each data element in a segment except the last. |
| Element Reference Number |
The number that identifies each element from the segment
diagram
with its corresponding definition in the data
dictionary. |
| Email |
The standard abbreviation for Electronic Mail. |
| Encryption |
The process of transforming clear text (data in its
original
form) into cipher text (the output of a cryptographic
algorithm)
for security or privacy. |
| End-User |
Anyone who uses a computer system or its output. |
| Envelope |
The combination of header, trailer, and sometimes other
control
segments, that define the start and end of an individual
EDI
message. |
| Enterprise Application Integration |
The use of middleware to integrate the application
programs,
databases, and legacy systems involved in an
organization’s
critical business processes. |
| Enterprise Resource Planning |
Packaged software systems using database technology and
a single
interface to control all the information related to a
company’s
business, including customer, product, employee, and
financial
data. |
| ENX |
The IP-based network for the European automotive
industry. |
| EPC |
Electronic product code. A 96-bit number whose format is
governed by EPCglobal, a subsidiary of the GS1 standards
body.
Each RFID tag will contain a unique EPC. |
| EPCglobal |
A subsidiary of the EAN.UCC international standards body
which
governs the format of EPCs. |
| Evaluated Receipts Settlement |
Method for initiating payment to a supplier that
replaces the
invoice. Used primarily in the auto industry. First the
price is
agreed upon by a blanket or other purchase order. Next,
a
material release tells the supplier the quantity to
deliver. An
advance ship notice confirms the quantity actually being
delivered, and payment is triggered upon receipt. |
| Event-Driven EDI |
Applications and translator exchanging message sets as
soon as
they are created or received. |
| eXtensible Markup Language |
Extensible Markup Language is designed to improve the
functionality of the Web by providing more flexible and
adaptable information identification. It is called
extensible
because it is not a fixed format like Hypertext Markup
Language
(a single, predefined markup language). Instead,
Extensible
Markup Language is actually a metalanguage (a language
for
describing other languages) that allows individuals to
customize
markup languages for limitless different types of
documents.
Extensible Markup Language can do this because it is
written in
Standard Generalized Markup Language, the international
standard
metalanguage for text markup systems. |
| File |
A collection of related records treated as a basic unit
of
storage in a computer system. |
| File, flat |
A computer file where all the information is run
together in a
single character string. |
| File Structure |
The format into which a file is arranged by the
computer, so
that the information it contains can be retrieved on
demand.
|
| FIN |
The SWIFT FIN is a message transfer based store and
forward
system. FIN is the main messaging mechanism used today
on
SWIFTNet and is used by corporates for liquidity and
risk
management purposes |
| FTP |
File Transfer Protocol. A standard method of
transmitting files
from one computer to another over the internet. |
| Functional Acknowledgement |
A transaction set transmitted by the receiver of an EDI
transmission to the sender, indicating the receipt and
syntactical acceptability of a message. It does not
provide
acknowledgement of the content of the message, just that
the
message has been successfully received and
interpreted.Often
abbreviated and referred to as “FA”. |
| Functional Group |
A collection of related transaction sets. Beginning (GS)
and
ending (GE) segments are used to envelop a complete
functional
group. |
| Functional Group Segments (GS/GE) |
These segments identify a specific functional group of
documents
such as purchase orders. |
| Gateway |
The interconnection between public or private networks,
enabling
the transmission of documents in EDI format across
multiple
networks. |
| GCI |
Global Commerce Initiative. A global industry user group
that
identifies issues hindering supply chain performance and
suggests potential global solutions for data, messages,
processes and associated requirements which it can offer
to
standards bodies such as GS1 for adoption. |
| GDD |
Global Data Dictionary: a GS1 standard which allows all
the
potential attributes of an item to be defined. These
attributes
may include size, brand information, logistical
information,
etc. |
| GDS |
Global Data Synchronization. |
| GDSN |
Global Data Synchronization Network. Provides a
framework that
allows all data pools to interoperate and share data
seamlessly.
|
| GLN |
A Global Location Number (GLN) is a unique number that
is
assigned to locations to enable them to be identified
uniquely
worldwide. These global location numbers can be used to
identify
any legal, physical and functional locations. Global
locations
numbers are reference keys to computer files where
information
about the company or location can be found. The GLNs
replace the
names and addresses of locations and are particularly
useful
when automating processes; they allow computers to route
information to the correct destination with no manual
involvement. GLNs must be used when identifying
locations and
business partners within Electronic Data Interchange
(EDI)
business messages and data pools, and they can also be
used in
bar codes to identify a physical location or to provide
relevant
information for delivery or invoicing purposes. |
| GLOBAL Registry |
A central service which holds pointers to data held in
local
data pools, provides an index for companies looking for
product
data held in local data pools and ensures data pools are
fully
compliant with GS1 standards. |
| Global Company Identifier |
RosettaNet-branded term for the Data Universal Numbering
System.
The Global Company Identifier is the RosettaNet object
and Data
Universal Numbering System is the specified solution.
|
| Global Data Dictionary |
The repository of definitions and attributes of all data
elements used within GS1 Business Message Standards.
|
| GPC, Global Product Classification |
a standard way of categorizing products that provides a
way to
link different company classification systems and offers
a
common language for collaborative business processes.
|
| GS1 |
A worldwide network of standards bodies and service
providers
which develops global supply chain standards and
solutions used
by over one million companies for bar coding, electronic
business messaging, data synchronization and through the
EPCglobal Network, radio frequency identification. |
| GRN |
Goods Received Note. A document raised by a customer
receiving
goods to confirm what has been received, so that
invoices may be
approved for payment. |
| GSMP |
Global Standards Management Process. The governing body
for the
development of global data synchronization standards
within the
GS1 framework. Open to industry participants and
solution
providers, the GSMP provides the process for developing
business
requirements and global standards for technical
implementations.
|
| GTIN |
Global Trade Item Number. A unique identifier for each
product.
|
| Hardware |
The physical parts of a computer system, such as the
central
processing unit, tape drives, disk drives, modem, etc.
|
| Header |
The specific segment that, in simplest terms, tells the
receiving computer where an individual EDI message
starts. |
| HIPPA |
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,
established
by the U.S Congress in 1996 |
| HL7 |
A standard for the healthcare industry. |
| HTTP |
HyperText Transfer Protocol. A protocol used to request
and
transmit files, especially web pages and web page
components,
over the internet or other computer network. |
| HTTPS |
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure is a combination of
the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol with the SSL/TLS protocol to
provide
encryption and secure identification of the server. |
| Hub |
EDI term for a company that initiates a B2B program with
its
business partners, usually a buyer. See also Spoke. |
| IDEA |
International Data Exchange Association. Organization
based in
Brussels that promotes the global expansion of EDI. |
| IDOC |
stands for intermediate document, is a standard data
structure
for electronic data interchange between application
programs
written for the popular SAP business system or between
an SAP
application and an external program. IDOCs serve as the
vehicle
for data transfer in SAP’s Application Link Enabling
(ALE)
system. |
| ID System (EPC Tags and readers) |
The ID System is a component of the EPCglobal Network
that
consists of EPC tags and readers. EPC tags are radio
frequency
identification devices that consist of a microchip and
an
antenna attached to a substrate. The Electronic Product
Code is
stored on this tag, which is applied to cases, pallets,
and/or
items. EPC tags communicate their Electronic Product
Codes to
EPC readers using radio frequency identification. EPC
readers
communicate with EPC tags via radio waves and deliver
information to local business information systems using
EPC
Middleware. |
| IETF |
See Internet Engineering Task Force. |
| Implementation Guide |
A publication listing EDI messages that are in use in a
particular industry or application. It indicates how the
information in those messages should be presented on a
segment-by-segment, and data-element-by-data-element
basis,
including which segments and data elements are needed,
which are
not and what code values will be expected in the
application of
that particular message. |
| Industry Specific |
Useful to only one particular group of companies grouped
together by a common area of endeavor. In EDI it refers
to the
ability of an EDI Standard to be used by only one
industry. |
| Interactive EDI |
Two applications exchanging EDI directly within a
pre-programmed
context. |
| Interchange |
The exchange of information from one company to another.
A group
of transaction sets sent from one sender to one receiver
at one
time. |
| Interchange Format |
A specific data layout that defines a structured
business
document. The interchange format specifies the sequence,
representation, and grouping of granular data elements,
and may
describe each element in terms of data type, options,
cardinality, size, and valid values. |
| Interchange Control Header |
The data segment that indicates and identifies the
beginning of
an interchange. |
| Interchange Control Trailer |
The data segment that indicates the end of an
interchange. |
| Interchange Envelope |
Specific data transmission information in the header and
trailer
segments, representing an exchange between a single
sender/receiver combination, ISA/IEA-approved. |
| Interconnect |
Two VAN’s who link to one another’s address. |
| Internet Engineering Task Force |
A large open international community of network
designers,
operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the
evolution
of the internet architecture and the smooth operation of
the
internet. |
| Invoice |
A request for payment that communicates to a buyer the
specific
items, price, and quantities delivered that must be paid
for by
the buyer. Payment terms will usually accompany the
billing
information. |
| ISDN – Integrated Services Digital
Network |
A set of communication standards for simultaneous
digital
transmission of voice, video, data, and other network
services.
|
| ISO |
International Standards Organization. An international
organization, working with the United Nations, that
maintains
the standards for all applications of technology and
mechanics
for global industry. |
| JIT |
Just In Time. A technique of managing inventory
pioneered in
Japan, under which materials are delivered by suppliers
to a
manufacturer as they are needed for production, rather
than for
storage or inventory. |
| JNX |
The IP-based network for the Japanese automotive
industry. |
| KNX |
The IP-based network for the Korean automotive industry.
|
| Mailbag |
ANSI-defined standard for interconnects between VAN
(EDI)
addresses. |
| Mailbox |
A file storage area within a computer, usually one used
by a
Network Service Provider, where information is placed
until it
can be retrieved by the intended receiver. |
| Manifest |
A document from the vendor who is shipping goods to a
customer
that describes where the goods will arrive. Multiple
destinations may be included. |
| Mapping |
The act of determining what pieces of information in the
company’s database should be placed into each data
element of an
EDI message or transaction set, or in reverse, what data
elements of an EDI message or transaction set should be
placed
into the company’s database. |
| Message |
A block of information in EDI making up a business
transaction,
or part of a business transaction. |
| Message Header |
The service segment starting and uniquely identifying a
message.
|
| Message Structured Diagram |
The graphic display of the layout of a message. |
| Message Switching |
The routing of a direct transfer message between
computers
through the services of a third-party service provider.
|
| Message Trailer |
The service segment ending a message. |
| Message Type |
An identified and structured set of data elements
covering the
requirements for a specified type of transaction, e.g.,
an
invoice. |
| Message Standards |
The system of syntax, data elements, segments and
messages
(transaction sets) with which EDI will be conducted.
|
| Modem |
Abbreviated form of Modulator/Demodulator. The
electronic device
that connects the computer to a telephone line to allow
communications. |
| NAK |
A form of negative acknowledgment of an error detection
in the
transmission. |
| Network Management |
Identifies fault, accounting, configuration, security,
and
performance management. |
| National Standards Body |
The organization in a country that is tasked with
keeping the
standards for all applications of technology and
mechanics for
the industry of that country. |
| Network |
An electronic communications system that links computers
together to allow EDI to take place. |
| Network Service Provider |
A company that maintains a network and offers its
services and
capabilities to others for a fee. |
| Notification of Shipment |
A transaction set that advises of the delivery schedule
and
provides a description of the shipment. |
| OASIS |
Organization for the Advancement of Structured
Information
Standards. A not-for-profit global consortium that
drives the
development, convergence and adoption of e-business
standards.
|
| Object |
Any entity about which we store data and the operations
to
manipulate that data. |
| ODETTE |
Organization for Data Exchange Through Teletransmission
in
Europe. Refers to both the European automotive industry
body and
the EDIFACT EDI standard subset for that industry. |
| OFTP |
ODETTE File Transfer Protocol. The messaging protocol
for the
European automotive industry. |
| OFTP v2.0 |
An update on the OFTP protocol which has been designed
from the
outset to be used over the internet. OFTP v2.0 offers a
number
of benefits over OFTP including data compression,
exchange of
digital certificates and large file transmission between
business partners. |
| OSI |
Open Systems Interconnect. Structure based on
seven-layer model
developed by ISO, which will allow different computer
manufacturers’ machines to communicate with one another.
|
| Open Network |
A network with which outside parties can communicate.
|
| Paperwork |
The documents that have been traditionally used to
convey
information in a business transaction. |
| Payment Terms |
Also called Terms of Sale. Refers to the agreement of
payment of
invoice between supply-side business partner and
demand-side
business partner, e.g., Net 30 indicates that the
invoice is to
be paid within 30 days. |
| PIDX |
XML document schema used in the Energy industry. |
| Pilot |
The process of testing a part of the final system as a
gauge to
determine the viability of a concept prior to
implementing the
system for full production. |
| Pilot Project |
A project conducted between two or more EDI business
partners to
test the viability of a proposed EDI System. |
| PIP |
Partner Interface Processes. RosettaNet PIPs define
business
processes between business partners via XML-based
dialogs. |
| PIP Blueprint |
A business model that specifies how Partner Roles
(buyer,
seller, assembler, catalogue publisher, etc.)
interactively
perform interface activities that collaboratively
achieve a
business objective. The PIP Blueprint document includes
narrative and diagrams. |
| PIP Choreography |
The exchange sequence of Partner Interface Process
messages
specified using Business Process Specification Schema.
|
| PIP Design and Development Process |
A structured process that describes the work and steps
required
to create a PIP Specification based upon requirements as
detailed in the Specification Requirement Document. |
| PIP in Production |
Two business partners using a RosettaNet Partner
Interface
Process as the business process interface for a live
transaction
(not in pilot or testing). |
| PIP Interchange Model |
The structure of the exchanged information between
business
partners in a specific context; content structure
described
using either Unified Modelling Language or Extensible
Markup
Language schemas. |
| PIP Protocols |
Technical interface diagrams that visually describe and
define
the PIP Blueprint. |
| PIP Specification |
Detailed document that provides a definitive description
of a
system for the purpose of developing or validating the
system
|
| Platform |
The type of computer system being used. |
| Point-to-Point |
Refers to a type of communication whereby messages are
sent
directly from one business partner to another without
the use of
a VAN. |
| Proprietary Standard |
An industry/company-specific data format developed by a
company
for transmission of data to and from its business
partners.
Proprietary formats do not comply with the ASC X12
series of
standards. |
| Proprietary Ordering System |
An industry company-specific system that allows a
supplier to
provide order entry capabilities to its customers. |
| Protocol |
Communication standards that determine message content
and
format, enabling uniformity of transmissions. |
| Protocol Conversion |
The process of enabling two systems with different
protocols to
communicate. |
| Purchase Order |
A document issued by a buyer to a seller that details
the terms
of sale under which the buyer will purchase the seller’s
goods.
|
| Purchase Order Acknowledgment |
Confirmation to the buyer that the supplier will be
filling the
purchase order as requested. |
| Qualifier |
Part of an EDI address. |
| Ramp |
A program of activity to electronically enable a group
of
business partners to send and receive documents in
agreed
formats. |
| Receiver |
The party to whom the EDI message or transaction set is
transmitted. |
| Receiving Advice Transaction |
A transaction set that includes the quantity,
description and
condition of the product received. |
| Registry |
A mechanism whereby relevant repository items, and
metadata
about them, can be registered so that a pointer to their
location, and all their metadata, can be retrieved as a
result
of a query. |
| Repository |
A location or set of distributed locations which hold
the data
(such as that associated with a product), pointed at by
a
registry, and from where the data can be retrieved. |
| RFID |
Radio Frequency Identification. A technology that allows
data
held on a microchip to be broadcast using a wireless
transmitter. Data from the RFID chip can be read even
when the
chip is not in line of sight. |
| Secure FTP |
see SFTP. |
| Segment |
A part of an EDI message or transaction set, made up of
a number
of related data elements separated by a delimiter,
conveying a
part of the business transaction being made. |
| Segment Code |
A code that uniquely identifies each segment as
specified in a
segment directory. |
| Segment Delimiter Character |
Marks the end of a variable-length segment. |
| Segment Diagram |
The schematic that depicts the format and composition of
a
segment. |
| Segment Directory |
A listing of the segments unique to the specific system
of EDI
Standards being used, and usually part of the data
dictionary.
|
| Segment Hierarchy |
The order of occurrence of segments within a transaction
set.
|
| Segment Identifier |
A predefined code that identifies the segment. |
| Segment Name |
A name that identifies the segment. |
| Segment Qualifier |
A data element that gives the segment a specific
meaning. |
| Segment Specifications |
Distinct attributes of a segment, including structure
and
content. |
| Segment Tag |
A composite data element, in which the first component
data
element contains a code that uniquely identifies a
segment as
specified in the relevant segment directory. Additional
component data elements can be conditionally used to
indicate
the hierarchical level and nesting relationship in a
message and
the incidence of a segment’s repetition [EDIFACT]. |
| Segment Terminator |
A special character that indicates the end of a segment
|
| Self-billing |
Customers can generate the invoice themselves and remit
payment
electronically via EDI. |
| Seller |
The party in a business transaction who sells goods or
services
to a buyer for good and valuable consideration. |
| Sender |
The party who transmits the EDI messages. |
| Sequence Table |
A portion of a standard that indicates the possible
segments,
their sequence, and their attributes for each area of a
transaction set. |
| SFTP, Simple File Transfer Protocol |
A network protocol that provides file transfer and
manipulation
functionality over any reliable data stream. It is
typically
used with the SSH-2 protocol to provide secure file
transfer.
(See also SSH). |
| Shipment Notification |
An EDI transaction sent by the shipper of material to
the
receiver advising that the shipment has been sent, and
providing
details such as manifest, PO number, estimated time of
arrival,
carrier, etc. |
| Simple data elements |
A data element containing a single value. |
| SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
The protocol that is most commonly used for transferring
email
between servers over the internet. |
| SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol |
A lightweight XML based protocol for exchanging
structured
information in a de-centralized, distributed
environment,
defined by the W3C. |
| Software |
The programs residing on disk, tape, or other storage
media used
by the computer to accomplish its tasks. |
| Spoke |
EDI term that refers to a business partner, usually a
supplier
to a buyer company (known as a Hub). |
| SSH |
Secure Shell. A set of standards and an associated
network
protocol that allows a secure channel to be established
between
a local and remote computer. |
| Standards |
Something established for use as a rule or basis of
comparison.
In the context of EDI, this usually refers to the system
of
message standards that are in use between business
partners.
|
| Standards Body |
A committee, usually made up of representatives of the
users of
a given Standard, and either accepted by industry or
charged by
a government to maintain the Standards in question. |
| Standards, Proprietary |
Those systems of EDI messages that are developed by the
business
partners themselves for a specific application, and do
not fit
in any of the systems of Standards developed by any of
the
accepted Standards Bodies around the world. |
| Standards, Public |
Those systems of EDI messages that are prepared and
published by
or through the accepted Standards Bodies around the
world. |
| Store and Forward |
A type of messaging service that allows an EDI
transmission to
be forwarded when convenient to the sender and
transmitted
immediately to the recipient. |
| Store and Retrieve |
Usually used in conjunction with a mail box system;
provides for
the storage of a message transmission until the intended
receiver accesses the system and retrieves the message.
|
| Supply Chain |
A sequence of events, which may include conversion,
movement or
placement, which adds value to goods, products, or
services.
|
| Syntax |
The system for arranging data elements and segments
within an
EDI message or transaction set, as dictated by the
Message or
Transaction Set Standards being used. |
| Tag |
The unique identifier used with segment and data
elements. |
| TCP/IP |
Network protocol for the internet. |
| TDCC |
Transportation Data Coordinating Committee. This is the
original
EDI organization for the United States. Through its
efforts, the
first EDI Standards were developed, published, and
maintained.
It is now EDIA, and has become the national EDI user
group for
the United States. |
| TDI |
Trading Data Interchange. Abbreviation for EDI common in
Europe.
|
| Third-party |
A party other than the sender or receiver, such as an
EDI
Network Services Provider or software developer, that
provides
goods or services – in this case in support of the
exchange of
EDI data. |
| Tradacoms |
UK EDI standard developed by GS1 (when GS1 was a
different
entity called ANA). |
| Trailer |
The specific segment that in simplest terms, tells the
receiving
computer where an individual EDI message ends. |
| Transaction Level Acknowledgment |
Acknowledgment of receipt and totality of data in a
transmission
of a functional group or individual transaction set.
|
| Transaction Set |
A block of information in EDI, making up a business
transaction
or part of a business transaction. Outside North
America, this
is normally called a message. |
| Transaction set ID |
An identifier that uniquely identifies the transaction
set. This
identifier is the first data element of the transaction
set
header segment. |
| Transaction Set Diagram |
A graphic presentation in a valid transaction that
specifies the
sequence of segment order. |
| Transaction Set Header Area |
Contains segment information pertinent to the total
transaction
set. |
| Transaction Set Header Segment |
Signifies the beginning of a transaction set. |
| Transaction Set Level |
The processing of a transaction set, including sending
and
receiving. |
| Transaction Set Line Item Area |
Encompasses the actual business transaction set and
includes
information, such as quantities, descriptions and
prices. |
| Transaction Set Standards |
The system of syntax, data elements, segments, and
transaction
sets (messages) with which EDI will be conducted. |
| Transaction Set Summary Area |
Contains control information and other data that relate
to the
total transaction. |
| Transaction Set Trailer Segment |
Signifies the end of a transaction set. |
| Translation |
The process of converting information to and from EDI
standard
formats. |
| Translator |
A program used to convert information from flat file to
EDI
format, or from EDI format to flat file. |
| Transmission Acknowledgment |
The acknowledgment that a total transmission was
received with
no error detected. |
| Transmission Group |
A collection of one or more functional groups. Also
known as an
Interchange. |
| UCC |
The Uniform Code Council. The organization that oversees
the
standards for product identification and related
electronic
communications. The UCC oversaw the Universal Product
Code (UPC)
in the United States – now superseded by GTINs – as well
as
Uniform Communication Standards (UCS) for EDI in the
grocery
industry and Warehouse Information Network Standards
(WINS) in
the warehousing and transportation industry. |
| UCS |
A subset of the ANSI X12 EDI standard. |
| UDDI |
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration. It is
an
XML-based registry for businesses worldwide to list
themselves
on the internet. |
| UN/CEFACT |
The United Nations Center for Trade Facilitation and
Electronic
Business. It supports activities dedicated to improving
the
ability of business, trade and administrative
organizations to
exchange products and services effectively. |
| User |
An entity, either an individual or a company, who
utilizes a
computer or system of standards for a specific purpose
like EDI.
|
| User Group |
An organization of individuals and/or companies who come
together to deal with the needs of those who wish to
employ a
technique or technology in a unified manner. User groups
are
discussion organizations. |
| Validation |
The process of determining that compliance standards
have been
met by a particular document in an EDI transmission.
|
| Value-Added Network |
Often abbreviated as VAN and today called an EDI Network
Services Provider, a third-party entity which handles
the
electronic exchange of information between subscribers
to its
services. Services provided by VANs include electronic
mailboxing of EDI transmissions, protocol and speed
conversion,
and EDI record keeping for audit tracking. |
| VAN |
See Value-Added Network. |
| Variable-Length File |
A file with segments containing data elements that can
vary
between minimum and maximum requirements, but which have
no set
fixed length. A data element delimiter is required to
mark the
end of the element and a segment delimiter character is
needed
to mark the end of the segment. |
| VDA |
German EDI data standard in the automotive industry.
|
| Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) |
A system of inventory replenishment in which the vendor
accepts
responsibility for maintaining customer’s inventory
levels of
the vendor’s products by monitoring POS and inventory
information sent by the customer. This is usually
automated
through EDI to achieve as smooth a flow of replenishment
as
possible. |
| Version/Release |
Identifies the publication of the standard being used
for the
generation or the interpretation of data in the X12
standard
format. |
| VICS |
Voluntary Inter-industry Commerce Solutions Association
– A
not-for-profit association with a mission to take a
global
leadership role in the development of business
guidelines and
specifications; facilitating implementation through
education
and measurement, resulting in the improvement of the
retail
supply chain efficiency and effectiveness, which meet or
exceed
customer and consumer expectations. GS1 US is the
secretariat to
the Voluntary Inter-industry Commerce Solutions
Association.
|
| VPN |
Virtual Private Network. |
| W3C |
The usual abbreviation for the World Wide Web
Consortium. |
| Web-EDI |
A generic term for the transmitting of structured
business
messages over the internet. This may include solutions
such as a
log on to a portal and inputting commercial
transactional
information into a form on a website using an internet
browser.
This method requires an element of manual intervention.
|
| Web Services |
A standard means of interoperating between different
software
applications, running on a variety of platforms and/or
frameworks, over the Internet. |
| Web Services Interoperability |
An open industry organization chartered to promote Web
Services
interoperability across platforms, operating systems,
and
programming languages. The organization works across the
industry and standards organizations to respond to
customer
needs by providing guidance, best practices, and
resources for
developing Web Services solutions. |
| WINS |
Warehouse Information Network Standards. A set of EDI
standards
for warehousing and distribution. WINS is a subset of
the ANSI
X12 national standard. |
| World Wide Web Consortium |
the body that defines standards (such as HTTP) for the
internet.
|
| WSDL |
Web Services description language |